直してもらった

エディテージ（英語ネイティブチェックサービス）で直してもらった抄録。ちょっと直されている。代金は2350円だった。


Relational stress in Japan – underside of Amaé  

The nature of interpersonal relationship in Japan has been described as shame-prone (Benedict) or amaé-based (Doi) etc. In the past, this author described it in terms of interpersonal sensitiveness and passivity among Japanese people. One issue that has not been touched on in these discussions was the negative aspect of Japanese way of communicating with each other. Japanese analyst Okonogi called that aspect “others-oriented” :an individual is very keen and sensitive to what others think, especially what others expect of him. Japanese people are using their “social skin” to perceive each other’s expectation on them (Tatara) in order to function harmoniously in the society. This might create a very stressful relationship in some cases where incessant mutual mind reading is required to maintain his or her social life. Some Japanese people have an eye-opening experience when they go abroad and are exposed to different cultures where they find that they no longer need to read what others expect of them, as others do not have that type of relational pattern at all. The author then discusses that mutual mind-reading is in fact, one of the tantamount factors, not only amaé–based relationship, but early mother-child dyad across the cultures. The notion of “passive-object love” proposed by Ferenczi and Balint clearly indicates this point. However, although mutual mind-reading could go on to exist to some extent in a healthy manner after childhood depending on relationship and social context, it can sometimes get out of control. If a mother’s amaé wish becomes too strong, as in cases of spoiling mothers, the mother-child relationship gets into a unidirectional and demanding relationship where no true amaé-based relationship is achieved. The author is especially concerned about some mother-daughter relationship in Japan, where excessive mutual mind reading would induce a type of master-slave relationship. In a worst case, the mother might end up reading what is not there in the child’s mind. The message like “I know you are anxious to be alone” might be perceived by the child like a fact, even if the child is not really anxious. Thus excessive mind-reading might end up being thought-implanting, creating a highly traumatic and “dissociogenic” (Okano) relationship.