Fairbairn, Winnicott, and Sullivan.
Before moving on to discussing modern psychoanalysts’ argument on this topic, I would like to briefly summarize the stance taken by three major figures in the early part of the history of psychoanalysis: R. Fairbairn, D. Winnicott, and HS. Sullivan.
Fairbairn’s theory of a
schizoid mechanism is closely linked with splitting and dissociation discussed
by Janet, Morton Prince, etc. As Fairbairn goes (1952),
… So far as the manifestations
of dual and multiple personality are concerned, their
essentially schizoid nature may be inferred from a discreet study of
the numerous cases described by Janet, William James, and Morton
Prince … The personality of the hysteric invariably contains a
schizoid factor in greater or lesser degree, however deeply this may be
buried. (p. 5.)
Thus, Fairbairn’s notion of dissociation was
not quite specific and was discussed interchangeably with "schizoid,"
and "splitting” (van der Hart, et al., 2009), lacking a focus on its
unique nature of division in psychic organization. Although schizoid problems
became one of the main focuses of the British object relations theory, it
developed apart from the concept of dissociation originally described by Breuer
in his notion of “hypnoid” phenomena and double consciousness.
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