もうちょっと進めた。
O’Neil argues that when dissociation is often described as the splitting
of the mind, there are two meanings which are frequently confused and undifferentiated.
They are what he calls division of
consciousness and multiplication of
consciousness. The former connotes dissociation of faculties within one
conscious, typically represented by the BASK model by Braun (1988), while the
latter implies more than one consciousness. O’Neil points out that this
difference has been overlooked due to the fact that “multiplication and
division are present in the double meanings of both split and double”(p.298).
He asserts that while dissociation is often described as the division of
consciousness, this connotes “functional division” and “multiplication of
consciousness better described dissociative multiplicity” (p.298).
With this distinction in mind, we can look at the history of the study of
dissociation from a specific point of view.
By mid-1800s clinicians began to find the splitting of consciousness in
hypnosis and clinical phenomena of hysteria (p.6, van der Hart and Dorahy,2009).
Reading early Freud makes us believe that although his co-author Breuer
was a believer of dissociation, Freud was not even convinced that splitting of
conscious can ever occur in either sense, division or multiplication. His
famous statement testifies it. “Strangely enough, I have never in my own
experience met with a genuine hypnoid hysteria”(Breuer & Freud, 1895)
Perhaps Breuer, with his notion of “hypnoid state”, was way ahead of
Freud and on par with Janet with his understanding of dissociation. However,
Janet himself was using dissociation or splitting of mind in the sense of
division, as Janet thought that splitting of consciousness is in part, due to
the constitutional vulnerability (D book, p7) and the purpose of the therapy
was the personality (re)integration and rehabilitation, which is the resolution
of dissociation of the personality(Janet, 1998, 1991, 1919/25) .
Braun, BG. (1988) The BASK model of dissociation. DISSOCIATION 1:1, pp4-23.
van der Hart, O, Dorahy, M. (2009 History of the Concept of Dissociation.
(In) Dell, Paul F. (ed.) Dissociation
and the Dissociative Disorders - DSM-V and beyond., Routledge (Taylor and
Francis), pp.3-26.）
